In 1967, Fiat Company of Italy began to study the theory and system of active tilting train, and in 1969, it trial-produced a prototype car Y0160. On this basis, the first ETR401 tilting EMU was trial-produced in 1974, which is an experimental Pendolino tilting train and started trial in 1976.

Due to the success of ETR401, Fiat continued to improve on this basis. In 1985, the second generation Pendolino tilting train ETR450 was put into commercial operation. The Italian National Railway Group (FS) ordered 15 trains, which were officially put into operation on the existing Rome-Milan line in May 1988. In 1992, the third generation of Pendolino tilting trains: ETR460, ETR470 and ETR480 were successfully developed.

ETR401 tilting EMU has been tested on German railways since 1987. Since then, ETR460 and ETR470 have been tested on railways in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Poland, France, Finland, Slovenia, Czech Republic and other countries, and gained rich experience in driving on different characteristic lines. In 1993, a demonstration operation test was carried out on the main line of Northeast Corridor in the United States, which had a great influence in the world. At present, Germany (ICT, VT610), Finland (SM200), Switzerland (ETR470), etc. have purchased or adopted Italian Pendolino tilting train or its technology to improve the speed of trains on existing lines.

In 2000, Fiat was acquired by Alstom of France, and Pendolino tilting train and its technology are now owned by Alstom. Through this move, Alstom not only fills the gap in tilting trains, but also consolidates and strengthens its position in Italy, Switzerland and even in the whole European railway rolling stock market.

Alstom's Tiltronix is a unique active body tilting technology, which can make the body swing angle reach 8, so that the train can pass through the curve at a higher speed than the passive tilting technology.

Tiltronix has two modes: reaction mode or prediction mode:

In the reaction mode, the gyroscope and the accelerometer of the front bogie of the head vehicle detect the curvature of the track, and the on-board computer calculates the required swing angle, then sends instructions to the hydraulic cylinder of each vehicle in turn according to the position and speed of each vehicle, and then drives the tilting action actuator to make the vehicle body tilt.

In the prediction mode, the system uses the database of the line to compare the data with the information received by the on-board sensors, and the system can determine the accurate position of the train on the line at any time, and then command the train to perform the corresponding tilting action. Because it is relatively insensitive to track irregularities, the tilting action is smoother and passengers are more comfortable.